United States "Newsweek" December 10 the latest issue published an article for an explanation, why eat the same food, some people gain weight, while others do not gain weight secret.
"Newsweek" in an article entitled "say hello to the intestinal bacteria," the article disclosed in, U.S. scientists have proved through experiments, eating the same food, the proportion of people to absorb an important reason for the different types of intestinal bacteria in different ratio.
Large intestine where people live in numerous micro-organisms, some scientists believe that these microbes may be fat or thin people play an important role. No matter when eating, even if it is standing on kitchen eating a bowl of cereal, quadrillion microbes are eating with you. Food and rolling forward to the adoption of important gut, the bacteria, fungi and other microbes are shared. This is not a one-way relationship, those micro-organisms on our physical health plays a very important role. They break down toxins, manufacture some vitamins and essential amino acids, education, the immune system and building a barrier against the invasion of infectious pathogens. An exciting new study shows that the composition of intestinal microbes may affect our weight. If so, it may provide a new strategy for weight control.
What are micro-organisms live in the intestines? They are there to do? The University of Washington study of genome scientists杰弗里戈登explains: "Human intestinal situation is really uncharted territory. A variety of micro-organisms living there is like playing an organ does not have the function of our humanity."
Humans from children, the body where there is a huge but the constantly changing microbial groups within the body or the surface of microbial cells are our own cells, 10 times. Most of these organisms live in the intestine where most of the other in the mouth, esophagus, stomach, upper respiratory tract, skin and vagina, and we do not know how many different microorganisms coexist in the human intestines.
戴维雷尔曼and colleagues at Stanford University conducted the first comprehensive survey of intestinal they three healthy bowel mileage out of 395 kinds of later abandoned. To really find out, then almost certainly there are several thousands. The strange thing is, with micro-organisms such partnerships are not as the beginning of our lives, and began. Amniotic fluid in the sterile fetal growth, but this isolation ended with the birth. Touches the baby's skin micro-organisms, some into the mouth. Microbial groups in the initial infant body is like our mother, and then gradually form their own characteristics, the final intestinal microbial groups, as unique as fingerprints.
Formed by the small intestine and large intestine intestine, intestinal very large one like the fingers of millions of the intestinal wall of the protruding part of the leveling as you can cover a tennis court. Or bad food in the small intestine break down into simple sugars, fats and amino acids, these substances can be small enough to penetrate the intestinal wall into nearby blood vessels. Fruits, vegetables and grains inside the fiber and other indigestible material is intact into the large intestine. Can not digest what is a sumptuous feast intestinal microbes. Colon where dark, moist, anaerobic, micro-organisms come from the small intestine to digest the material non-fermented and produce simple sugars and short-chain free fatty acids necessary conditions. They do so for themselves, but these energy-rich material and to share our humanity. Some of calories each day up to 10% from intestinal bacterial production of the material.
Gordon and colleagues that some of the human intestinal microorganisms extract energy efficient than others strong. This may partly explain why people who eat the same food, some people gain weight, while others remain slim. A series of sophisticated experiments confirmed the Gordon hypothesis. Research team in aseptic condition to cultivate generations of mice. These sterile rats eat something every day is almost one third more than an ordinary mouse, but it has less fat, 40%. The researchers in the ordinary rat intestinal micro-organisms into the intestinal bacteria in mice, those mice were injected microorganisms weight began to increase, even though they did not receive additional food. The researchers and from a natural fat in the intestines of rats removed micro-organisms into the sterile intestinal lean mice, these mice an increase in body fat faster.
In order to clarify the fat rat intestinal micro-organisms inside the gut where it is different from the lean mice micro-organisms, University of Washington research team plans to observe the use of DNA sequences of genetic aspects. Ordinary normal weight mice belonging to the hard wall of bacteria family bacteria accounted for about two-thirds of intestinal bacteria, the bacteria belonging to Bacteroides family accounted for most of the remaining bacteria. Born obese mice are more hard-walled bacteria, and Bacteroides much less.
The researchers analyzed samples from a variety of microbes extracted gene sequences and found that fat mice had more genes in the bacteria break down complex starches and fiber. In other words, fat mice than in lean rats within the micro-organisms within the micro-organisms are better at extracting calories from the gut material.
Mice are mice, and the people can be explained? Researchers at the University of Washington invited 12 obese within a year, according to a low-fat or low-carbohydrate diets, at the beginning of the implementation of such a diet before the hard-wall obese intestinal bacteria as a reference than a few of voluntary downsizing among those that the proposed smaller bacilli. Weight loss in obese, while their combination of micro-organisms occurred in a marked change in Bacteroides increase in hard-walled bacteria reduction. The type of diet does not matter, only the body weight was significantly reduced this change occurs.
This study shows that the energy in food ingredients is not a fixed value. A cup containing 110 kcal of energy drinks, according to people inside the gut micro-organisms, some people may all be absorbed, while others may be less absorbed. If you have a daily consumption of calories absorbed and the difference between 25 kcal, the year may increase or decrease more than 2 pounds, 10 years, probably 20 pounds. More practical, this work shows that try to change the composition of intestinal microbes may be a way to change the weight. If Gordon's work continues to bear fruit, one day we may control the use of microbial probiotics or other strategies to reduce the intestinal microbes extracted energy efficiency, it might help to lose weight.
Professor Gordon acknowledged that a lot of work needs to be done in order to clarify the relationship between intestinal microbes with obesity. Even though no results of such research, microbiology, molecular biology and many other disciplines to work together, but also make our food processing and the relationship between obesity and new understanding.
Although scientists as early as more than 100 years ago, already know that the human long-term coexistence with many tiny neighbor, but until recent research was found that the health of our neighbors may have an unexpected effect. To this end National Institute of Health to launch a more in-depth understanding of our plan to gut micro-organisms, from the beginning of their genes. Bacterial gene sequences may help researchers find microbial output to protect the health of our body chemicals.
To conduct a micro-census is very important for several reasons. Participation in National Institutes of Health plans Baylor University School of Medicine professor of molecular and human genetics, George Weinstock, said: "We need to know who is there, especially in the micro-organisms in the majority of the good bacteria, so that we will be able to When dealing with the bad guy to minimize the harm to them. "Gordon also looking into another objective: the fight against malnutrition. To improve the efficiency of intestinal microbes may help millions of people worldwide who have enough to eat every day, or from cancer or heart disease and weight loss people
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